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in dollars) | architect = Mitchell & Ritchey Architects | structural engineer = Ammann & Whitney | general_contractor = Dick Corporation〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://digital.library.pitt.edu/images/pittsburgh/winans.html )〕 | former_names = Civic Auditorium (1961) Civic Arena (1961-1999; 2010-2011) Mellon Arena (December 1999-June 2010) | tenants = Pittsburgh Penguins (NHL) (1967–2010) Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera (1961–1969) Roundball Classic (1965–1992) Duquesne Dukes (NCAA) (1961–1988) Pittsburgh Rens (ABL) (1961–1963) Pittsburgh Hornets (AHL) (1961–1967) Pittsburgh Pipers/Condors (ABA) (1967–1968, 1969–1973) Pittsburgh Triangles (WTT) (1974–1976) Pittsburgh Spirit (MISL) (1978–1986) Pittsburgh Gladiators (AFL) (1987–1990) Pittsburgh Bulls (MILL) (1990–1993) Pittsburgh Phantoms (RHI) (1994) Pittsburgh Stingers (CISL) (1994–1995) Pittsburgh CrosseFire (NLL) (2000) Pittsburgh Xplosion (ABA) (2005–2006) | seating_capacity = Ice hockey: 16,940 Hockey SRO: 17,132 Basketball: 17,537 Concert: *End Stage 12,800 *Center Stage 18,039 | dimensions = 250 x 120 ft〔 | scoreboard = |}} Civic Arena (formerly the Civic Auditorium and later Mellon Arena) was an arena located in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Civic Arena primarily served as the home to the Pittsburgh Penguins, the city's National Hockey League (NHL) franchise, from 1967 to 2010.〔 It was the first retractable roof major-sports venue in the world, covering 170,000 sq. feet, constructed with nearly 3,000 tons of Pittsburgh steel and supported solely by a massive 260-foot-long cantilevered arm on the exterior.〔 Even though it was designed and engineered as a retractable-roof dome, the operating cost and repairs to the hydraulic jacks halted all full retractions after 1995, and the roof stayed permanently closed after 2001.〔http://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2010/05/25/Mellon-Arena-roof-may-open-for-final-show/stories/201005250282〕 The first roof opening was during a July 4, 1962 Carol Burnett show to which she exclaimed "Ladies and Gentlemen...I present the sky!" Constructed in 1961 for use by the Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera (CLO), it was the brainchild of department store owner Edgar J. Kaufmann. The Civic Arena hosted numerous concerts, the circus, political and religious rallies, roller derbies as well as contests in hockey, basketball, fish tournament weigh-ins, pro tennis, boxing, wrestling, lacrosse, football, ice skating championships, kennel shows, and soccer. The structure was used as the backdrop for several major Hollywood films, most prominently ''Sudden Death'' in 1995. Prior to its demise, it was known as Mellon Arena, named for Mellon Financial, specifically American businessman and 49th Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, which purchased the naming rights in 1999. Their naming rights expired on August 1, 2010 and the arena was once again known as the Civic Arena. The Civic Arena closed on June 26, 2010. The former Mellon naming rights expired soon after, and the Penguins and all other events moved across the street to the new Consol Energy Center. After various groups declined historic status for the venue, it was demolished between September 2011 – March 2012. In its place, existing public parking lots in the area were expanded over the entire site. The Penguins have the rights to redevelop the property and a preliminary plan exists for residential units, retail space and office space. Delays in redevelopment are partially attributed to complaints lingering from Hill District resident-groups claiming not enough affordable housing was included in the initial plans, as well as the Penguins looking to work with a new Mayor as of January 2014. ==Construction and design== The US$ 22 million ($ in dollars) arena was completed for the CLO in 1961.〔 Mayor David L. Lawrence had publicly announced plans for a "civic theater" as early as February 8, 1953 after years of public pressure had built after CLO president, civic leader and owner of Kaufmann's department store Edgar J. Kaufmann announced his intention on December 1, 1948 to find a new home for the group. Funding was provided by a combination of public and private money, including grants from Allegheny County, the City of Pittsburgh, and Kaufmann.〔 The arena's design incorporated 2,950 tons of stainless steel from Pittsburgh. To make room for the arena, the city used eminent domain to displace 8,000 residents and 400 businesses from the lower Hill District.〔Trotter, Joe W. & Day, Jared N. "Race and Renaissance: African-Americans in Pittsburgh Since World War II."〕 Demolition began in 1955 and was finished by 1960. On July 21, 1959 a steel strike halted work on the arena and delayed its opening date. The Arena was designed for the CLO, which previously held productions at Pitt Stadium. The roof, which is supported by a arch, is free of internal support leaving no obstruction for the seats within. The roof, which has a diameter of , is divided into eight sections. Six of the sections could fold underneath two—in 2½ minutes—making the Civic Arena the world's first major indoor sports stadium with a retractable roof.〔 A total of 42 trucks mounted on 78 wheels, 30 of which are individually driven, support and move the six moveable sections. The trucks, gear motors and 480-volt AC motor drive that moves the roof sections were designed and manufactured by Heyl & Patterson Inc., a local specialist engineering firm.〔(Moveable Civic Arena Roof Rolls on Wheels Designed by Heyl & Patterson )〕 The stadium's capacity fluctuates depending on the event being hosted, but has increased due to additions between 1972 and 1991.〔 The arena originally consisted only of lower bowl seating, but over time, upper decks were installed in the arena's "end zones" to increase capacity. In December 1999, Mellon Financial purchased the Arena's naming rights in a 10 year, $18 million agreement, which renamed the arena Mellon Arena. The original center scoreboard, an electromechanical Nissen scoreboard with digital clock display which appears in the movie ''The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh,'' was replaced during the 1986 renovations by an American Sign and Indicator scoreboard with a black-and-white three-line matrix animation/messageboard on each side, which appears in ''Sudden Death.'' White Way Sign created the arena's final center scoreboard, this one with a Sony JumboTron videoboard on each side, which remained for the arena's final sixteen years of use. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Civic Arena (Pittsburgh)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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